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Spirer, Rosalia Ludvigovna

January 9, 2022

Rosalia Ludvigovna Spirer (room Etti-Rosa Spirer – Etty-Rosa Spirer; April 16, 1900, Galati, Romania – March 30, 1990, Chisinau, Moldavian SSR) – Moldavian (Romanian and Soviet) architect. Biography Etty-Rosa Spirer was born in Galati to a Jewish family with six children (one of whom died as a child). The older children were born in the village of Ivesti, but between 1890 and 1892 the family moved to Galati. Her father Leiser Spirer (1860-1926) was the estate manager; mother – Betty…

Moscow-Kiev railway

January 9, 2022

damien4503

Uncategorized

Moscow-Kiev railway – the railway that existed in the USSR in 1936-1959. Formed in 1936 during the division of the . The lines passed through the territory of Moscow, Kaluga, Bryansk, Smolensk, Kursk, Oryol, Tula, Sumy and . The length of the lines was 3821 km. The railway administration was located in Kaluga. In the freight turnover of the Moscow-Kiev railway, transit transportation of timber, peat, grain, sugar, beets, and cargo prevailed. Story Due to the downsizing of the Western…

Ascension temple (Tula)

January 9, 2022

abbiey6146

FashionJewelry

Ascension temple – Orthodox church in Tula. Story The parish was formed in the 17th century, and the first mention of the Church of the Ascension in the book of Tula Posad (1646) dates back to the same time. In 1712, a stone church was built at the expense of the merchant Andrei Fedorov Vladimirov. But there was no chapel for the morning liturgy, and the parishioners turned to the bishop with a request to build a chapel. Soon, permission…

OTN protocol stack

January 8, 2022

tqudylan077

Uncategorized

OTN (Optical Transport Network) Is an optical transport network that provides transmission and multiplexing of digital data over DWDM wavelength channels. OTN protocol stack The OTN protocol stack consists of 4 layers: Optical Channel (Och) – the lower level of the protocols; OPU (Optical Channel Payload Unit) – user data unit; ODU (Optical Channel Data Unit) protocol – optical channel data unit; OTU (Optical Channel Transport Unit) is an optical channel transport unit. Optical channel The lower layer of the…